| & | S |
| If a command is terminated by & the shell executes it in the background. | |
| CTRL-C | S |
| Send the running process a TERM signal that usually terminates the process. | |
| CTRL-Z | S |
| Send the running process a TSTP signal that usually suspends the process. | |
| bg [job[s]] | S |
Put suspended jobs[s] or the current suspended job in the background.
The syntax for the job[s] argument is %number | |
| crontab[-elr] | |
Edit (-e), list (-l), or remove (-r) crontab files. To install a crontab from file the command crontab file can be used as well. The format of the file for running commands at regular intervals is
| minute |
hour |
day |
month |
day_of_week |
command |
| (0-59, *) |
(0-23, *) |
(1-31, *) |
(1-12, *) |
(0-6, *) |
| |
| fg [job[s]] | S |
| Bring specified job[s] or the current job to the foreground. | |
| jobs [job[s]] | S |
| Display the status of specified or all running and suspended jobs. | |
| kill [-s signame | signumber ] process_ID[s] | S |
| kill -l [signal] | |
| Terminate or signal a process. Send signumber or signame to process_ID[s]. By default the TERM signal (15) is sent that usually terminates the process. With -l all valid signal names can be listed or if signal is given the corresponding name or number is printed (tcsh: /bin/kill -l signal). | |
| nohup program [arguments] | |
| Run a command immune to hangups, i.e continues to run after logging out. STDOUT is redirected to nohup.out or /nohup.out | Documentation |
| nice [-value] program (not csh and tcsh) | |
| nice [+value] program (csh and tcsh only) | S |
| Run program with modified scheduling priority. Without value the priority is decreased by 10, allowed values are 1 to 19. | Documentation |
| pp [string] | A |
| Report process status of processes that match string (regular expression). | |
| ps [-ely] [pid[s]] | |
| ps [aux] [pid[s]] | |
| Report process status. For a list of all processes use pp without arguments instead. ps accepts BSD-like options (without dash) or UNIX options (preceded by dash). The combination of options given is useful to display own processes. | |
| pstree [-ap] [pid |user] | |
| Display a tree of processes. With -a show the command line of processes, -p displays the process ID. | |
| qps [-efl] [pid[s]] | |
| Visual process status monitor. Superior to pstree and top. | |
| renice priority [-g gid[s]] [-p pid[s]] [-u user[s]] | |
| Alter priority of running processes. Users can set priority from 0 (normal) to 19 (very nice). Processes are selected by gid pid uid or user name. | |
| sched [+]hh:mm command[s] (tcsh and zsh only) | S |
| sched [-item] (tcsh and zsh only) | |
| Execute command[s] at hh:mm or after +hh:mm hours. With no arguments, prints the list of scheduled commands. With the argument -item, removes the given item from the list. | |
| time command | S |
| Time a command. CPU times and the real elapsed time are reported. | |
| top | |
| Display top CPU processes. For a quick overview of the system load use uptime instead. | |
| uptime | |
| Prints current time, how long the system has been running and the average load within the last 1, 5 and 15 minutes. | Documentation |
| xosview | P |
| X based system monitor. Displays the status of several system based parameters in a small window. | |
| alpine [-h] [options] [address[es]] | P |
Mail (and NetNews) reader. The following options influence the startup:
| -f folder |
open folder instead of INBOX |
| -F file |
open file and view with internal browser |
| -i |
start up in the folder index screen |
| -I keystrokes |
execute keystrokes on startup |
| -o |
start up with first folder in read only mode |
| |
An iconized xterm with running alpine can be used as xbiff replacement. | Documentation |
| evolution [-c component] [--force-shutdown] | PZ |
| Email and groupware program (Gnome). The mail component (like the other components calendar, contacts, tasks) can be started individually using -c mail. To stop all evolution related processes use --force-shutdown. | |
| kmail | |
| KDE email client | |
| mail [-b bcc-addr] [-c cc-addr] [-s subject] to-addr[s] | f |
| Send and receive mail. For compatibility with other systems mailx is a link to mail. Useful to send files and short messages from the command prompt or within scripts. The message is expected on STDIN (terminated by a single dot on a line or by EOF, that is CTRL-D in the shell) | |
| thunderbird | P |
| mail (and news) reader of the Mozilla project. | |
