. file [arg[s]] | SA | |||||||||||||||||||||
Read commands from file and execute them in the current shell environment. In tcsh source has to be used instead. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
CTRL-D | S | |||||||||||||||||||||
End of file character, usually exits the shell | ||||||||||||||||||||||
CTRL-L | S | |||||||||||||||||||||
Clear the terminal screen, does also redraw the screen in many applications. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
alias [name[=value]] (zsh) | S | |||||||||||||||||||||
alias [name[ value]] (tcsh) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
List all aliases, the alias name or define alias name to have given value | ||||||||||||||||||||||
basename filename [suffix] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Strip directory (and optionally suffix) from filename | Documentation | |||||||||||||||||||||
bash [options] [file] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
GNU bourne-again shell. Start a new shell or execute commands in file under the control of the shell. When called with option -x it prints commands as they are executed, with -noprofile startup or initialization files are skipped. | Documentation | |||||||||||||||||||||
bc [-l] | f | |||||||||||||||||||||
Calculator that supports arbitrary precision numbers. Use option -l to do real arithmetics. Simple calculations can also be performed in the shell, e.g.: echo ((0x15 + 3*7)). A graphical alternative {xcalc} does exist as well. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
clear | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Clear the terminal screen | ||||||||||||||||||||||
csh [options] [file] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
On Linux identical to tcsh. For differences to tcsh see man tcsh | ||||||||||||||||||||||
dirname filename | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Strip non-directory suffix from filename | Documentation | |||||||||||||||||||||
echo [-n] [string[s]] | S | |||||||||||||||||||||
Display string[s] on the standard output. Suppress the newline at the end with -n. In zsh print can also be used. | Documentation | |||||||||||||||||||||
env [-] [-u variable] [variable=value] [command] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Run command in a modified or empty (-) environment, setting variable to value or removing a variable (-u) from the environment. Without arguments the environment is printed. Without command the environment is modified. | Documentation | |||||||||||||||||||||
exit [n] | S | |||||||||||||||||||||
Exit the shell (with exit code n or the exit code from the last command) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
export [name[=value]] (zsh) | S | |||||||||||||||||||||
Include variable name in the environment (by setting it to value). Without arguments the environment is printed. For tcsh see setenv. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
expr expression | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Evaluate expressions. Arguments and operators have to be separated by white space. Some operators need to be escaped to prevent shell expansion. Example: increment a shell variable: i=`expr i + 1` | Documentation | |||||||||||||||||||||
function name { statements } (zsh) | S | |||||||||||||||||||||
Define a function name as a sequence of statements | ||||||||||||||||||||||
functions [name[s]] | S | |||||||||||||||||||||
Print the definition of functions name[s] or of all defined functions | ||||||||||||||||||||||
history [n] | S | |||||||||||||||||||||
Print entries from the command history. Print the n most recent entries (in zsh use -n). Manipulate the history with history (tcsh) or fc (zsh). | ||||||||||||||||||||||
ini [-d] [product] | PN | |||||||||||||||||||||
Load your environment piece by piece. Without arguments list products that can be selected or (with -d) deselected. Updates environment variables. See also module. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
ksh [options] [file] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Korn shell, a command interpreter and programming language. Good for writing scripts. For differences to zsh see man zsh. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
module [options] [subcommand [args]] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Allows to dynamically modify the user’s environment. A short help is available with the subcommand help, a list of available modules with avail and the list of active (loaded) modules with list. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
print [-n] [arg[s]] (zsh) | S | |||||||||||||||||||||
Display arg[s] on the standard output similar to echo-e, but much more flexible (lots of additional options). | ||||||||||||||||||||||
printenv [variable[s]] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Print all or part of the environment variables | Documentation | |||||||||||||||||||||
rehash | S | |||||||||||||||||||||
Rebuild the hash table of commands in the command PATH. Useful after a change of the PATH environment variable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
resize | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Print a command to set COLUMNS and LINES to current window size. Useful to adjust the (xterm) window size using the command eval `resize` | ||||||||||||||||||||||
setenv [name[ value]] (tcsh) | AS | |||||||||||||||||||||
Include variable name in the environment (by setting it to value). Without arguments the environment is printed. In zsh emulated by a function. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
sh [options] [file] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(Bourne) shell. It is the only shell guaranteed to exist on all UNIX systems. It is mainly used to write shell scripts. On Linux systems the same as bash. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
sleep time | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Suspend execution for a specified amount of time seconds | Documentation | |||||||||||||||||||||
source file [arg[s]] (not ksh) | S | |||||||||||||||||||||
Read commands from file and execute them in the current shell environment | ||||||||||||||||||||||
stty[-a] [-g] [settings] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Change or print terminal line settings. List all settings with option -a. Settings with a leading - (minus) are off. Most useful for resetting the terminal characteristics with stty sane | Documentation | |||||||||||||||||||||
tcsh [options] [file] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
C shell with file name completion and command line editing. Start a shell or execute commands in file under the control of the shell. Lots of options, e.g.: -f do not source /.tcshrc -x print commands as they are executed | Documentation | |||||||||||||||||||||
test [expression] | S | |||||||||||||||||||||
Check file types and compare values. Behaves identical to the [ expression ] construct in sh like shells. The following tests are true, if:
Tests can be negated (!), grouped with (), combined by and (-a) and or (-o) | Documentation | |||||||||||||||||||||
unalias pattern (tcsh) | S | |||||||||||||||||||||
Removes aliases whose names match pattern. (unalias * removes all aliases) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
unalias [-m] name[s] (zsh) | S | |||||||||||||||||||||
Removes the alias definition for name[s] or with -m removes aliases whose names match name[s]. (unalias -m * removes all aliases). | ||||||||||||||||||||||
unfunction [-m] name[s] (zsh) | S | |||||||||||||||||||||
Removes the function definition for name[s] or whose names match pattern (with -m). unfunction -m * removes all function definitions | ||||||||||||||||||||||
zsh [options] [file] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The Z shell. Start a new shell or to execute commands in file under the control of the shell. Lots of options, e.g.: -f do source only the /etc/zshenv initialization file on startup -x print commands as they are executed | Documentation |