alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy Class Reference

Collaboration diagram for alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy:

Classes
class	PingManagerThread
Public Member Functions
	AcsManagerProxy (String managerLoc, ORB orb, Logger logger)
synchronized Manager	getManager () throws AcsJContainerEx
synchronized void	loginToManager (Client managerClient, boolean keepTrying) throws AcsJContainerEx
boolean	pingManager (long timeoutMillis)
synchronized void	logoutFromManager ()
ComponentInfo[]	get_component_info (int[] componentHandles, String name_wc, String type_wc, boolean active_only) throws AcsJNoPermissionEx
Object	get_service (String service_url, boolean activate) throws AcsJComponentNotAlreadyActivatedEx, AcsJCannotGetComponentEx, AcsJComponentConfigurationNotFoundEx, AcsJNoPermissionEx
Object	get_component (int clientHandle, String component_url, boolean activate) throws AcsJCannotGetComponentEx, AcsJComponentNotAlreadyActivatedEx, AcsJComponentConfigurationNotFoundEx, AcsJNoPermissionEx
Object	get_component_non_sticky (int clientHandle, String component_url) throws AcsJCannotGetComponentEx, AcsJComponentNotAlreadyActivatedEx, AcsJNoPermissionEx
Object	getComponentNonSticky (int clientHandle, String component_url) throws AcsJComponentNotAlreadyActivatedEx, AcsJCannotGetComponentEx, AcsJNoPermissionEx
ComponentInfo	get_default_component (int clientHandle, String componentIDLType) throws AcsJNoDefaultComponentEx, AcsJCannotGetComponentEx, AcsJNoPermissionEx
ComponentInfo	get_dynamic_component (int clientHandle, ComponentSpec c, boolean mark_as_default) throws AcsJIncompleteComponentSpecEx, AcsJInvalidComponentSpecEx, AcsJComponentSpecIncompatibleWithActiveComponentEx, AcsJCannotGetComponentEx, AcsJNoPermissionEx
ComponentInfo	get_collocated_component (int clientHandle, ComponentSpec c, boolean mark_as_default, String target_component_url) throws AcsJIncompleteComponentSpecEx, AcsJInvalidComponentSpecEx, AcsJComponentSpecIncompatibleWithActiveComponentEx, AcsJCannotGetComponentEx, AcsJNoPermissionEx
int	register_component (String component_url, String type, Object component) throws AcsJCannotRegisterComponentEx, AcsJNoPermissionEx
int	release_component (int clientHandle, String component_url) throws AcsJNoPermissionEx
int	force_release_component (int clientHandle, String curl) throws AcsJNoPermissionEx
int	getManagerHandle ()
void	shutdownNotify ()
AcsManagerProxy	createInstance ()
Static Public Member Functions
static String	getLocalManagerCorbaloc ()
Protected Member Functions
void	activateReloginToManagerIfDisconnected ()
void	handleRuntimeException (RuntimeException exc)
Protected Attributes
java.lang.Object	connectorLock = new java.lang.Object()
final Thread	connectorThread
Package Functions
boolean	isLoggedIn (boolean checkPing)
int	checkAndGetManagerHandle () throws AcsJNoPermissionEx
Private Member Functions
synchronized void	findManager (String managerLoc, boolean keepTrying) throws AcsJContainerEx
synchronized void	loginToManager (boolean keepTrying) throws AcsJContainerEx
Private Attributes
Manager	m_manager
final String	m_managerLoc
volatile int	m_mgrHandle = 0
final ORB	m_orb
final Logger	m_logger
volatile boolean	m_shuttingDown
Client	m_managerClient

Detailed Description

Proxy class that encapsulates access to the ACS Manager. See maci.idl for the various types of client, which include container and admin client.

This class is stateful, so there must be one AcsManagerProxy used per client if a process has more than one client to the manager.

Warning: This class is not supposed to be instantiated by components and other non-framework classes. Components should only access this class through ContainerServices.

Author:: hsommer Feb 18, 2003 9:20:14 AM

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::AcsManagerProxy	(	String	managerLoc,
		ORB	orb,
		Logger	logger
	)			`[inline]`

Constructor stores parameters, but takes no further action.

Parameters:

	managerLoc	corbaloc string for the Manager
	orb	active ORB; provided explicitly rather than using alma.acs.container.corba.AcsCorba, so we can easily reuse this class for clients outside of the container.
	logger

References m_logger, m_managerLoc, and m_orb.

Referenced by createInstance().

Member Function Documentation

void alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::activateReloginToManagerIfDisconnected ( ) [inline, protected]

References connectorThread.

Referenced by loginToManager().

int alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::checkAndGetManagerHandle ( ) throws AcsJNoPermissionEx [inline, package]

Gets the current client handle assigned by the manager, or throws an exception if this client is not logged in.

Exceptions:

AcsJNoPermissionEx

See also:: getManagerHandle()

References m_mgrHandle, alma::maciErrType::wrappers::AcsJNoPermissionEx::setID(), and alma::maciErrType::wrappers::AcsJNoPermissionEx::setReason().

Referenced by get_component_info(), get_service(), and register_component().

AcsManagerProxy alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::createInstance ( ) [inline]

Creates a new instance, using the same manager, orb and logger. The new instance can then be used to log in to the manager (again) independently of this instance.

There is no communication between this instance and the new instance. For example, a call to shutdownNotify() will not be forwarded.

References AcsManagerProxy(), m_logger, m_managerLoc, and m_orb.

Referenced by alma::acs::container::AdvancedContainerServicesImpl::connectManagerAdmin(), alma::acs::component::client::AdvancedComponentClient::createContainerServices(), alma::COUNTER::CounterTestImpl::ContainerTestUtil::loginToManager(), and alma::contLogTest::TestLogLevelsCompImpl::ContainerTestUtil::loginToManager().

synchronized void alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::findManager	(	String	managerLoc,
		boolean	keepTrying
	)			throws AcsJContainerEx `[inline, private]`

Finds the Manger using the supplied managerLoc. If the manager can't be found and keepTrying is true, this method enters a loop and tries again after every 5 seconds.

Parameters:

	managerLoc	the corbaloc string that uniquely identifies the manager as a CORBA service.
	keepTrying	if true, this method will only return when it has successfully contacted the manager service; if false, this method will simply throw a `AcsJContainerServicesEx` if it fails to resolve the manager.

Exceptions:

AcsJContainerEx

if anything goes wrong.

References m_logger, m_manager, m_managerLoc, m_orb, m_shuttingDown, and alma::JavaContainerError::wrappers::AcsJContainerEx::setContextInfo().

Referenced by getManager(), and loginToManager().

int alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::force_release_component	(	int	clientHandle,
		String	curl
	)			throws AcsJNoPermissionEx `[inline]`

Calls ManagerOperations#force_release_component(int, String). This call must not be used by regular component code. It is only provided for setting up tests, writing specialized operator tools, and similar purposes.

Returns:: number of clients of the force-released components.

Since:: ACS 5.0.4

References si::ijs::maci::ManagerOperations::force_release_component(), handleRuntimeException(), and m_manager.

Referenced by alma::acs::container::OtherComponentClient::forceReleaseComponent(), and alma::acs::container::ContainerServicesImpl::releaseComponent().

ComponentInfo alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::get_collocated_component	(	int	clientHandle,
		ComponentSpec	c,
		boolean	mark_as_default,
		String	target_component_url
	)			throws AcsJIncompleteComponentSpecEx, AcsJInvalidComponentSpecEx, AcsJComponentSpecIncompatibleWithActiveComponentEx, AcsJCannotGetComponentEx, AcsJNoPermissionEx `[inline]`

Encapsulates si.ijs.maci.ManagerOperations#get_collocated_component(int, si.ijs.maci.ComponentSpec, boolean, java.lang.String).

Parameters:

	clientHandle	handle of requesting component or other kind of client (for non-container clients this will always be the login-handle)
	c	dynamic version of deployment info, may be incomplete, see ACS documentation
	mark_as_default	if true, make the new component instance the default for its type
	target_component_url

Returns:: ComponentInfo struct

Exceptions:

	IncompleteComponentSpec
	InvalidComponentSpec
	ComponentSpecIncompatibleWithActiveComponent

References si::ijs::maci::ManagerOperations::get_collocated_component(), handleRuntimeException(), and m_manager.

Referenced by alma::acs::container::ContainerServicesImpl::getCollocatedComponent().

Object alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::get_component	(	int	clientHandle,
		String	component_url,
		boolean	activate
	)			throws AcsJCannotGetComponentEx, AcsJComponentNotAlreadyActivatedEx, AcsJComponentConfigurationNotFoundEx, AcsJNoPermissionEx `[inline]`

The more restricted version of get_service, only good for getting components.

Parameters:

	clientHandle	handle of requesting component or other kind of client (for non-container clients this will always be the login-handle)
	component_url	to specify the requested component
	activate
	status	status out-parameter

Returns:: the component reference (must still be narrowed using the appropriate Corba helper)

See also:: ContainerServices::getComponent(String)

References si::ijs::maci::ManagerOperations::get_component(), handleRuntimeException(), and m_manager.

Referenced by alma::acs::container::ContainerServicesImpl::getComponent().

ComponentInfo [] alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::get_component_info	(	int[]	componentHandles,
		String	name_wc,
		String	type_wc,
		boolean	active_only
	)			throws AcsJNoPermissionEx `[inline]`

From maci IDL comments: "Gets all the information that the Manager has about components. To invoke this method, the caller must have INTROSPECT_MANAGER access rights, or it must have adequate privileges to access the component (the same as with the get_service method). Information about all components is returned, unless the active_only parameter is set to True, in which case only information about those components that are currently registered with the Manager and activated is returned. Calling this function does not affect the internal state of the Manager."

Parameters:

	componentHandles	Handles of the components whose information is requested. If this is an empty sequence, the name_wc and type_wc parameters are used.
	name_wc	Wildcard that the component's name must match in order for its information to be returned.
	type_wc	Wildcard that the component's type must match in order for its information to be returned.
	active_only

Returns:: si.ijs.maci.ComponentInfo[] A sequence of ComponentInfo structures containing the entire Manager's knowledge about the components. If access is denied to a subset of objects, the handles to those objects are set to 0.

References checkAndGetManagerHandle(), si::ijs::maci::ManagerOperations::get_component_info(), handleRuntimeException(), and m_manager.

Referenced by alma::acs::container::ContainerServicesImpl::findComponents(), and alma::acs::container::ContainerServicesImpl::getComponentDescriptor().

Object alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::get_component_non_sticky	(	int	clientHandle,
		String	component_url
	)			throws AcsJCannotGetComponentEx, AcsJComponentNotAlreadyActivatedEx, AcsJNoPermissionEx `[inline]`

References si::ijs::maci::ManagerOperations::get_component_non_sticky(), handleRuntimeException(), and m_manager.

Referenced by alma::acs::container::ContainerServicesImpl::getComponentNonSticky().

ComponentInfo alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::get_default_component	(	int	clientHandle,
		String	componentIDLType
	)			throws AcsJNoDefaultComponentEx, AcsJCannotGetComponentEx, AcsJNoPermissionEx `[inline]`

Parameters:

	clientHandle	handle of requesting component or other kind of client (for non-container clients this will always be the login-handle)
	componentIDLType	the IDL type

See also:: ContainerServices::getDefaultComponent(String)

References si::ijs::maci::ManagerOperations::get_default_component(), handleRuntimeException(), and m_manager.

Referenced by alma::acs::container::ContainerServicesImpl::getDefaultComponent().

ComponentInfo alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::get_dynamic_component	(	int	clientHandle,
		ComponentSpec	c,
		boolean	mark_as_default
	)			throws AcsJIncompleteComponentSpecEx, AcsJInvalidComponentSpecEx, AcsJComponentSpecIncompatibleWithActiveComponentEx, AcsJCannotGetComponentEx, AcsJNoPermissionEx `[inline]`

Parameters:

	clientHandle	handle of requesting component or other kind of client (for non-container clients this will always be the login-handle)
	c	dynamic version of deployment info, may be incomplete, see ACS documentation
	mark_as_default	if true, make the new component instance the default for its type

Returns:: a struct which contains the corba reference, as well as name, type, etc.

Exceptions:

	si.ijs.maci.IncompleteComponentSpec
	si.ijs.maci.InvalidComponentSpec	Thrown if there is no valid dynamic component found for given resulting structure.
	si.ijs.maci.ComponentSpecIncompatibleWithActiveComponent	Thrown if the resulting structure is incompatible with a component of the same name already active.

References si::ijs::maci::ManagerOperations::get_dynamic_component(), handleRuntimeException(), and m_manager.

Referenced by alma::acs::container::ContainerServicesImpl::getDynamicComponent().

Object alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::get_service	(	String	service_url,
		boolean	activate
	)			throws AcsJComponentNotAlreadyActivatedEx, AcsJCannotGetComponentEx, AcsJComponentConfigurationNotFoundEx, AcsJNoPermissionEx `[inline]`

From maci IDL comments: Gets a service, activating it if necessary (components). The client represented by id (the handle) must have adequate access rights to access the service. This is untrue of components: components always have unlimited access rights to other components."

Parameters:

	service_url	CURL of the service whose reference is to be retrieved.
	activate	True if the service is to be activated in case it does not exist. If set to False, and the service does not exist, a nil reference is returned and status is set to `Manager.COMPONENT_NOT_ACTIVATED`.
	status	Status of the request. One of `Manager.COMPONENT_ACTIVATED`, `Manager.COMPONENT_NONEXISTENT` and `Manager.COMPONENT_NOT_ACTIVATED`.

Returns:: org.omg.CORBA.Object Reference to the service. If the service could not be activated, a nil reference is returned, and the status contains an error code detailing the cause of failure (one of the component_* constants).

References checkAndGetManagerHandle(), si::ijs::maci::ManagerOperations::get_service(), handleRuntimeException(), and m_manager.

Referenced by alma::acs::container::ContainerServicesImpl::getCDB(), and alma::acs::container::AcsContainer::getCDB().

Object alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::getComponentNonSticky	(	int	clientHandle,
		String	component_url
	)			throws AcsJComponentNotAlreadyActivatedEx, AcsJCannotGetComponentEx, AcsJNoPermissionEx `[inline]`

Gets a component as a "weak client" who does not prevent component unloading in case the other real clients release their references. Otherwise similar to get_component with activate==false.

Parameters:

	clientHandle
	component_url

Returns:: the component reference (must still be narrowed using the appropriate Corba helper)

Exceptions:

	AcsJComponentNotAlreadyActivatedEx	if the requested component has not already been activated by some other client
	AcsJCannotGetComponentEx
	AcsJUnexpectedExceptionEx	if the remote call failed with a (CORBA) runtime exception

Since:: ACS 6.0

References si::ijs::maci::ManagerOperations::get_component_non_sticky(), handleRuntimeException(), and m_manager.

static String alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::getLocalManagerCorbaloc ( ) [inline, static]

synchronized Manager alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::getManager ( ) throws AcsJContainerEx [inline]

Gets the ACS Manager, either cached or freshly retrieved. Note that no login is done here, so call loginToManager(Client, boolean) after this.

Returns:: Manager

Exceptions:

AcsJContainerServicesEx

References findManager(), m_logger, m_manager, m_managerLoc, m_shuttingDown, and alma::JavaContainerError::wrappers::AcsJContainerEx::setContextInfo().

Referenced by alma::COUNTER::CounterTestImpl::ContainerTestUtil::getAllContainerInfos(), alma::contLogTest::TestLogLevelsCompImpl::ContainerTestUtil::getAllContainerInfos(), alma::acs::component::client::ComponentClientTestCase::getLogReceiver(), alma::acs::container::AcsContainerRunner::initAcsLogging(), alma::acs::container::AcsEmbeddedContainerRunner::initManagerProxy(), alma::acs::component::client::ComponentClientTestCase::initRemoteLogging(), alma::acs::component::client::ComponentClient::initRemoteLogging(), alma::COUNTER::CounterTestImpl::ContainerTestUtil::resolveContainerName(), and alma::contLogTest::TestLogLevelsCompImpl::ContainerTestUtil::resolveContainerName().

int alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::getManagerHandle ( ) [inline]

Returns the handle that the ACS Manager has assigned to the container/client during login. The handle should always be retrieved from here instead of storing its value outside of this class, so that a change in handle after a reconnect can be propagated.

Returns:: handle, or 0 if not logged in

References m_mgrHandle.

Referenced by alma::acs::component::client::AdvancedComponentClient::createContainerServices(), alma::COUNTER::CounterTestImpl::ContainerTestUtil::getAllContainerInfos(), alma::contLogTest::TestLogLevelsCompImpl::ContainerTestUtil::getAllContainerInfos(), alma::acs::container::ComponentAdapter::getComponentInfo(), alma::acs::container::AcsContainerRunner::initAcsLogging(), alma::acs::component::client::ComponentClientTestCase::initRemoteLogging(), alma::acs::component::client::ComponentClient::initRemoteLogging(), alma::COUNTER::CounterTestImpl::ContainerTestUtil::loginToManager(), alma::contLogTest::TestLogLevelsCompImpl::ContainerTestUtil::loginToManager(), alma::COUNTER::CounterTestImpl::ContainerTestUtil::resolveContainerName(), alma::contLogTest::TestLogLevelsCompImpl::ContainerTestUtil::resolveContainerName(), and alma::acs::component::client::ComponentClientTestCase::setUp().

void alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::handleRuntimeException ( RuntimeException exc ) [inline, protected]

Invoked by the manager methods on failure. The "handling" of the exception refers to changing the connection status, logging the exception, etc. This method will not throw the given exception, which means that the calling client has to do this herself.

References connectorLock, m_logger, and m_mgrHandle.

Referenced by force_release_component(), get_collocated_component(), get_component(), get_component_info(), get_component_non_sticky(), get_default_component(), get_dynamic_component(), get_service(), getComponentNonSticky(), register_component(), and release_component().

boolean alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::isLoggedIn ( boolean checkPing ) [inline, package]

References m_manager, m_mgrHandle, and pingManager().

Referenced by loginToManager(), and logoutFromManager().

synchronized void alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::loginToManager ( boolean keepTrying ) throws AcsJContainerEx [inline, private]

Logs in to the Manager. Only to be called from within this class (see connectorThread), when the

Parameters:

keepTrying

used for the call to findManager(String, boolean).

Exceptions:

AcsJContainerServicesEx

References findManager(), si::ijs::maci::ClientInfo::h, isLoggedIn(), si::ijs::maci::ManagerOperations::login(), logoutFromManager(), m_logger, m_manager, m_managerClient, m_managerLoc, m_mgrHandle, m_shuttingDown, and alma::JavaContainerError::wrappers::AcsJContainerEx::setContextInfo().

synchronized void alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::loginToManager	(	Client	managerClient,
		boolean	keepTrying
	)			throws AcsJContainerEx `[inline]`

Logs in to the manager, using the provided manager client CORBA object. This method only returns when the login succeeded. Otherwise an exception is thrown.

Parameters:

	managerClient	the IDL-defined client of the manager (see maci.idl), of which the container is a subclass.
	keepTrying	refers to multiple attempts for both finding the manager and logging in to the manager. If true, a background thread is started to re-login if the connection breaks.

Exceptions:

AcsJContainerServicesEx

References activateReloginToManagerIfDisconnected(), and m_managerClient.

Referenced by alma::acs::container::AdvancedContainerServicesImpl::connectManagerAdmin(), alma::acs::component::client::ComponentClientTestCase::connectToManager(), alma::acs::component::client::AdvancedComponentClient::createContainerServices(), alma::acs::component::client::ComponentClient::initAcs(), alma::COUNTER::CounterTestImpl::ContainerTestUtil::loginToManager(), alma::contLogTest::TestLogLevelsCompImpl::ContainerTestUtil::loginToManager(), and alma::acs::container::AcsContainer::loginToManager().

synchronized void alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::logoutFromManager ( ) [inline]

Logs out from the manager. If this fails, a warning is logged, but no exception will be thrown by this method.

References isLoggedIn(), si::ijs::maci::ManagerOperations::logout(), m_logger, m_manager, and m_mgrHandle.

Referenced by alma::acs::component::client::ComponentClientTestCase::connectToManager(), alma::acs::component::client::AdvancedComponentClient::destroyContainerServices(), alma::acs::container::AdvancedContainerServicesImpl::disconnectManagerAdmin(), alma::acs::component::client::ComponentClient::initAcs(), loginToManager(), alma::COUNTER::CounterTestImpl::ContainerTestUtil::logoutFromManager(), alma::contLogTest::TestLogLevelsCompImpl::ContainerTestUtil::logoutFromManager(), alma::acs::component::client::ComponentClientTestCase::tearDown(), and alma::acs::component::client::ComponentClient::tearDown().

boolean alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::pingManager ( long timeoutMillis ) [inline]

Pings the manager. Uses a separate thread so that life can go on if the manager does not respond, and the ORB timeout is too long for this purpose.

Currently calls get_client_info to see if the manager responds. Todo: should be replaced by a call to Manager.ping when this is available.

Parameters:

timeoutMillis

timout in milliseconds that can restrict the general ORB timeout.

Returns:: true if the manager responded within the given time, false otherwise

See also:: isLoggedIn(boolean)

References alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::PingManagerThread::isResponding().

Referenced by isLoggedIn().

int alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::register_component	(	String	component_url,
		String	type,
		Object	component
	)			throws AcsJCannotRegisterComponentEx, AcsJNoPermissionEx `[inline]`

From maci IDL comments: "Registers a CORBA object as a component, assigning it a CURL and making it accessible through the Manager. The component is treated as an immortal component."

Parameters:

	component_url
	type
	component

Returns:: int

References checkAndGetManagerHandle(), handleRuntimeException(), m_manager, and si::ijs::maci::ManagerOperations::register_component().

int alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::release_component	(	int	clientHandle,
		String	component_url
	)			throws AcsJNoPermissionEx `[inline]`

From maci IDL comments: "Releases a component. In order for this operation to be possible, the caller represented by the id must have previously successfully requested the component via a call to get_service(String, boolean, IntHolder). Releasing a component more times than requesting it should be avoided, but it produces no errors."

Parameters:

	clientHandle	handle of requesting component or other kind of client (for non-container clients this will always be the login-handle)
	component_url

Returns:: int Number of clients that are still using the component after the operation completed. This is a useful debugging tool.

References handleRuntimeException(), m_manager, and si::ijs::maci::ManagerOperations::release_component().

Referenced by alma::acs::container::ContainerServicesImpl::releaseComponent().

void alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::shutdownNotify ( ) [inline]

Notification that the container is in the process of shutting down.

With ACS 7.0.2 this method is no longer synchronized because it deadlocked the shutdown hook thread when the manager proxy was in a login loop. See COMP-2602.

References connectorThread, and m_shuttingDown.

Referenced by alma::acs::component::client::AdvancedComponentClient::destroyContainerServices(), alma::acs::component::client::ComponentClientTestCase::tearDown(), and alma::acs::component::client::ComponentClient::tearDown().

Member Data Documentation

java.lang.Object alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::connectorLock = new java.lang.Object() [protected]

The lock should only be held for short periods, the threads executing our API need to be able to retrieve it quickly.

TODO: replace with lock from concurrent lib

Referenced by handleRuntimeException().

final Thread alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::connectorThread [protected]

This thread keeps retrying to log in to the manager. Before each attempt, it checks whether some outside-world caller of loginToManager() has meanwhile accomplished to log in.

notify() on the lock will awake the thread, interrupt() will terminate the thread.

msc(2005-07)

Referenced by activateReloginToManagerIfDisconnected(), and shutdownNotify().

final Logger alma::acs::container::AcsManagerProxy::m_logger [private]

Referenced by AcsManagerProxy(), createInstance(), findManager(), getManager(), handleRuntimeException(), loginToManager(), and logoutFromManager().